> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.prestashop-project.org/v.9-documentation/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.prestashop-project.org/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-products-1.md).
# Managing Products
You can manage the products in your store using the **"Product"** page, in the **"Catalog"** menu.
## **Sections in this chapter:**
* [Introduction to the product page](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-products.md#ManagingProducts-Introductiontotheproductpage)
* [Creating a product](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-products.md#ManagingProducts-Creatingaproduct)
* [Creating a product with combinations](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-products.md#ManagingProducts-Creatingaproductwithcombinations)
* [Creating a virtual product](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-products.md#ManagingProducts-Creatingavirtualproduct)
* [Creating a pack of products](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-products.md#ManagingProducts-Creatingapackofproducts)
## Introduction to the product page
To add a new product to your catalog, click on **"Add new product"** from the **Catalog > Products** page.
A new window opens, displaying the **4 different types of products** you can add to your store. Selecting a specific type of product will change the different tabs displayed on the product creation page:
* **Standard product:** *A physical product that needs to be shipped.* The **Stocks** tab will be shown. Note that you **cannot add combinations to a standard product**.
* **Product with combinations:** *A product with different variations (size, color, etc.) from which customers can choose.* The **Combinations** tab will be shown and the Stocks tab will disappear.
* **Pack of products:** *A collection of products from your catalog.* The **Pack** tab will be shown and the Combinations and Stocks tabs will disappear.
* **Virtual product:** *An intangible product that doesn't require shipping. You can also add a downloadable file.* The **Virtual product** tab will be shown and the Combinations, Stocks, and Pack tabs will disappear.
Once you click on **"Add new product"**, you will be taken to the newly created product page.
### Changing the product type
If you've selected the wrong product type, you can quickly change its type:
* Click on the **product type** (under the product name field)
* A window asking you to **select the new product type** is displayed:
{% hint style="warning" %}
Note that by changing your product type, **all combinations will be deleted** and **your stocks will be reset.**
{% endhint %}
### Tabs
In PrestaShop 9, the product page is organized into tabs:
* **Description**: it contains all you need to create a product quickly and easily. If however, you need to add more details to your product, then you should have a look at the other tabs.
* **Details**: where you can add references, features, attach files or personalize the product.
* **Stocks, Pack, Combinations,** or **Virtual product**: define your product quantities and other stock-related options. When your product has combinations the tab will be renamed Combinations. This is where you manage all your combinations. On the other hand, if you have a virtual product, this is where you upload its associated file if any.
* **Shipping**: give details that can impact the delivery of the product.
* **Pricing**: refine your pricing with specific prices or price per unit (among other pricing options).
* **SEO**: manage the meta description or product URL to make sure it's optimized for search engines.
* **Options**: additional functionalities to manage your product's visibility or suppliers. It is also here that you can set up the customization.
### Product Name
The first field to fill is the product name, which will appear in the search engine results and in your product sheet's URL by default. Next to the field, you will find a language selector which enables you to choose the language into which you wish to edit or create the product.
Make sure to translate each field into every language that your store supports. In order to do that, click on the language selector next to the product type field, and choose the language in which you wish to edit the product.
**Online / Offline button:** right below the product name field, this is where you enable or disable your product. By default it is disabled, so your customers won't be able to see it in your store.
### Language
You might have activated several languages in your store, to sell in more countries. If you wish to engage with your customers abroad, all your content (product description, captions, etc.) should be translated in these languages.
To translate your product content in another language, just select in which language you would like to work next to the type of product selector. The product page will update with the content available in the selected language. You can switch from one language to another without saving your work in-between. Just make sure you are editing the content in the right language.
By default, the product page will display content in your store's default language.
To add new languages to your store, go to the International section. You can either add just a language in "Translations" or add a localization pack in "Localization". You will find more information in the [international section of the documentation](https://docs.prestashop-project.org/v.9-documentation/user-guide/improving-shop/going-international).
## Header
The header recaps everything you need to know about your products: types, references, stock, tax, etc.) You can easily find important information about your product at a glance.
#### Color indicator
Three colors indicate your stock status:
* **Green "in stock":** when your stock is superior to your set low stock.
* **Yellow "low stock":** when the stock is equal or inferior to set low stock
* **Red "out of stock":** when the stock is inferior or equal to 0.
### Global Buttons
* **Sales**. Redirects you to the "Product detail" page of the statistics dashboard ("Stats" menu), which gives you a graphic of both the visits to this product's page and also its sales.
* **Product list**. Displays a list of all your products to allow you to quickly navigate from one product to another.
* **Help**. Opens the contextual help in a column, with the page from the User Guide corresponding to the product page.
At the bottom of the page, several actions are possible:
* **Delete** (trash icon). Removes all the data for the current product and deletes it, including its images, combinations, features, etc.
* **Preview**. Displays the front office page of your product. This is very handy, as it works even if the product is disabled.
* **Duplicate**. Save the current product, then creates an exact copy of the current product and takes you to the new product page. This is very useful when you'd rather use the current product's data as a template for another new product, and not have to create every data of the new product by hand. For instance, two products might be very different but could share the same associations, carriers, or supplier settings.
Don't over-duplicate!
If you need to create different versions of the same product, because of its variety of colors, capacity, size, etc., then you should create a product combination for the current product rather than duplicate it X times. See the "Combinations" option in the "Basic settings" tab, which is explained in the "Creating a product with combinations" section of this chapter.
* **Go to catalog**. This saves any change you have made to any of the data for the current product and takes you back to the product list.
* **New product.** This saves any change you have made to any of the data for the current product and opens a new page to create a new product.
* **Save**. This saves any change you have made to any of the data for the current product and keeps you on the current tab. This is particularly useful when you want to switch tabs without losing your changes to the current tab, or in order to see your changes get applied immediately.
* **Cancel.** Cancels the changes you made on the product page.
Keyboard shortcuts
Some keyboard shortcuts have been introduced in PrestaShop 1.7 to help you save time when you create several products in a row. The behavior is the same as described above, and it works for the following options:
* Duplicate: ALT+SHIFT+D
* Enable/Disable on your store: ALT+SHIFT+O
* Add a new product: ALT+SHIFT+P
* Go back to the catalog: ALT+SHIFT+Q
* Save: ALT+SHIFT+S
* Preview: ALT+SHIFT+V
## Footer
#### Footer wording
In the footer's wording, the save button has two states:
* **Save:** Saves your product when creating it or when the product is offline (not published) on your store.
* **Save and publish:** Saves your product and publishes it on your store.
This helps you better understand whether your changes are live on your store or not.
### Dynamic footer
The footer is **dynamic and reacts to your actions.**
Modifications can be **canceled, previewed, saved, or published**:
For example, if you have unsaved modifications, any action that would make you leave the current page is disabled:
## Creating a product
The product page makes it easier to create a product thanks to enhanced tabs.
### Description tab
The "Description" tab provides the main options required to create a basic product: with a few words and clicks, you'll be able to create a new product. From there you can also browse the other tabs to add further details to your product.
#### Images
The image section is on the top part of the "Description" tab. You should upload all the images for this product, including all of its combinations (color, size, shape, etc.).
**To add one or more images to your product:**
Drag and drop your images directly from your folder, or click on "select files" (or anywhere in the image section in fact) to search and open the folder containing your images. You can select as many images as necessary by keeping the Ctrl-key pressed while selecting files, or you can make your selection one by one. The default maximal size for an image file is set by PrestaShop according to your server's PHP settings. This size can be lowered in the "Images" preference page, "Product images" section.
**Cover image**
The uploaded images appear as thumbnails. The first one will be your default/cover image for the product. That cover image will also appear automatically on the product page of your store.
You can change which image is your cover image by clicking on the image's thumbnail: the settings for this given image will appear. There you can check or uncheck "Cover image" to define whether the image should be the cover or not.
You can also select multiple images to zoom or delete the selection. The dropdown menu allows you to change the caption for different languages.
**Zoom and Caption**
When you click on "Zoom" the image will appear in its real format, in case you want to have a closer look at it.
Each image can have a caption: use it to briefly describe the image (and the product). It is important for the SEO since it is considered as the alt attribute of the image, and therefore it helps search engines to better rank your product. If you have several languages, don't forget to translate it, by selecting your language in the drop-down menu!
**Sorting images**
Once you have uploaded all your product images, you can modify their order by drag-and-dropping each image. You can also add more images by clicking on the "+" icon, or dropping it.
### Replacing an image
You can replace a product image: simply select the image you wish to replace and click on the **"Replace selection"** button. Select an image on your computer and **make sure to save your changes.**
### Replacing images in bulk
It is possible to replace a product image in bulk. You don't need to worry about losing image links and data anymore.
**To replace images in bulk,**
* **Select the combinations** you wish to edit,
* Click on the **"Bulk actions"** button and select **"Edit X combinations"**
* Go to the **"Images"** attribute and **Toggle the feature** to enable it.
You can now **select the image** you wish to associate with your combinations.
### Deleting images in bulk
It's possible to delete product images in bulk.
To do so, select the images you wish to delete and click on the **"Delete selection"** button:
#### Summary and Description
Describing your product well is essential, both for the customer (the more information, the better) and search engines (it will help your store appear in more search requests).
At the bottom of the screen, the two description fields each serve different purposes:
* The **"Summary" field** enables you to write a short description that will appear in search engines and in the description for your product. \
This field is limited to 800 characters by default: if you exceed that limit, PrestaShop will warn you with a message in red below the field. You can change that limit in the "Products" preference page, where you will find the "Max size of product summary" option. You can also have several languages, by selecting the language tab above the text field.
* The **"Description" field** enables you to write a full description of your product, which will appear directly on the product page. The text editor offers a wide range of options for creating visually attractive descriptions (font, size, text color, etc.). You can also have several languages, by selecting the language tab above the text field.\
While this second field has no limits, there is such thing as too much content: strive to provide the essential information in a compelling way, and your product should be good to go.
#### Categories
The "Categories" section enables you to select in which category the product should appear. You can select more than one, but keep in mind that it is better for the customer if the category only contains equivalent and comparable products. Therefore, you should prevent selecting root categories, and prefer child categories.\
For instance, the "telephone" category can feature sub-categories of "brands" (Apple, Samsung, HTC, etc.) as well as "characteristics" (dual sim, Android, etc.). It is up to you to indicate the category most useful to your customers.
**Associating existing categories**
To associate a category to your product, you can either use the search bar or expand the category list and select the one you want to associate.
**Using the search bar**. Type in the first letters of the category and the bar will display all the matching categories and the path to access it. Choose your category and click on it. It will be shown in the "Associated categories" section.
**Using the category list**. By clicking on "Expand", you will see the category tree and from there you can select the categories you want to associate.
In the list of associated categories, if you mouse over a specific category, you will see the path leading to the category. It can be helpful if you have several categories with the same name (like "Shoes" which can be under the "Children" and "Women" categories).
**Main category**
The "main category" selector is useful when an article is filed under several categories. It serves mainly to clarify which category to use in case your customer arrives at your site from a search engine since the name of the category will appear in the product's URL.
**Creating a new category**
If you feel you need to add a category, save the current state of your product before clicking the "Create new category" button.
You can go to "Catalog" > "Categories" section, then click on "Add new category": and the category options will appear. Fill in the name of the category. Then in this "Categories" page, fill in the details for this new category. To read more about categories, [go to the related section of the documentation](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-categories.md).
A new category will not automatically appear in your shop's menu. To display it, you should edit the menu with the "Main menu" module (when using the default theme), or any custom module you may have to manage the menu.
At this point, you are done with the essential information for a basic product page. You can save it. To have it immediately available for sale on your shop, click on "Offline": its status will change to "Online" and it will be visible on your shop.
However, you should keep reading, as there are many more details you can add to your product to make it more attractive to customers!
#### Brand
In the same way you can add a feature, you can add a brand. Choose a brand in the drop-down menu.
If the brand you want isn't available in the drop-down menu, go to the "Brands & Suppliers" page to create a new brand.
A product can only be associated with one brand.
#### Related product
The "Related products" field gives you the option of choosing relevant products to associate with this product and to suggest them to your customers when they visit the product's page (if the theme supports it). In "Related products", type in the first letters of the product, and select it. The product is then added at the bottom of the field.
You can associate a product with as many other products as you deem necessary. Click on the trash icon to delete the product association.\
An association goes one way only: the associated product will not feature an association to the current product in its setting page.
#### Details tab
#### Condition & References
* **Reference code**. This is your own internal reference. It might be a number, or its reference from the storage location or its supplier, or anything that makes it unique.
* **MPN.** The MPN (Manufacturer Part Number) is a unique manufacturer reference. It allows you to easily match a product to the right manufacturer, which has multiple advantages for both the merchant and the customer. \
The merchants can easily differentiate similar products thanks to their identifier and manage product stock by the manufacturer. The product can also be found in the search engine with the identifier. \
The MPN is also useful for customers: the MPN can be indexed on Marketplaces and customers will therefore be able to find the product they are looking for faster. Customers are also sure to get the right product, which boosts their confidence!
* **UPC barcode.** This standard for barcodes is mostly used in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.
* **GTIN or EAN-13 or JAN barcode**. These are the numbers of the product's barcode, which are used worldwide in order to identify it. You can use either an EAN-13 or a JAN number.
* An EAN-13 is the product's 13-digit international article number. Order it on [GS1](https://www.gs1.org/) as soon as your product is created to be able to sell it with Google Shopping, or on marketplaces. Read more on Wikipedia: .
* A JAN is specific to Japan but is compatible with the international EAN. Read more on Wikipedia: .
* **ISBN.** ISBN is used internationally to identify books and their various editions. If your products are books or entitled to have an ISBN number, enter it here.
#### Feature
Below the References section, you can find several options. The "Add a feature" option is for specifying your products' features (i.e. weight, material, country of origin, etc.).
When you create features and values (i.e. wool knit and micro-fiber materials), you assign them to the products when it is appropriate. This means that you do not have to fill out the features fields for each of your products but instead simply fill in the necessary values and apply them later.
Be aware that **contrary to the combinations, these values do not change, and are valid for the general product** (meaning: all your combinations will share these same features).
**Adding a feature**
Before adding a feature to a product, you must create it for general use in your store. You should go to the "Attributes & Features" page of the "Catalog" menu for this.
Feature and feature value creation are explained in detail in the [dedicated section of the guide](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-product-features.md).
**Assigning a value to a feature**
We will assume here that you have already set all your features and feature values.
When clicking on "Add a feature", a drop-down menu appears, listing all of your store's features. Select which feature you want to add. Next, you can either assign one of the pre-defined values (as set when creating the feature) if there are any available or set a value manually in the "Customized value" field.
If no value is available for a feature, the mention "No result found" appears.
If you choose to use a custom value, do not forget to set it for every language that your store supports. Use the language code selector at the top of the page to change the language.
If there are pre-defined values available, they will appear in a dropdown list. Simply click it and choose the correct value.
Once you have set all the relevant features, save your changes to see them immediately applied in the front-page.
Remember: If a feature does not have any value assigned to it, it will not be taken into account for this product, and will not be visible in your store.
#### **Attaching a file**
PrestaShop enables you to make some files available to your customers before their purchase.
For example, let's say you sell electronics, and you would like to urge your customers to read a document on how a product works. You can upload a document for that purpose.\
You could also simply have the product's PDF manual directly available for download right on the product page. The customer can access it even if they didn't purchase the product.
**Attached files**
If you already uploaded some files to be attached, you will see here the list of the files available to be attached to the product. Simply select the file you want to attach to the product.
**Attach a new file**
If you haven't attached any file yet, you can upload a new file directly on this page:
1. Click on "Add new file"
2. Click on "Browse" to select a file on your computer to upload.
3. Fill out the title of your attachment (it doesn't have to be the same as the original file name).
4. Give it a description. This will help you distinguish between your uploaded files with certainty and will give additional information to your customers.
5. Click on "Save".
6. The attachment appears in the "Attached files" list, already selected to indicate it will be attached to the product.
7. Save your product.
A new tab will appear on the product's page, next to "Product Details", where your customers can download the file(s) that you just uploaded..
If you need to remove an attachment from this product page, you simply have to unselect it in the "Attached files" table.
You can view all of your store's attached files, add some more and remove some, by going to the "Files" page under the "Catalog" menu. This also makes it possible to use the files that you already uploaded for other products: if you need to apply the associated file with many products, you will thus only have to upload it once.
**Condition**. Not all shops sell new products and some marketplaces require this information from you. This option enables you to indicate the condition of the product:
* **New**. The product is brand new, and sealed in its original packaging.
* **Used**. The product has been sold at least once before, and probably used by someone else (secondhand). It should come in its original packaging, which might be closed with tape.
* **Refurbished**. The product has been returned for various reasons ("scratches, dents or other forms of cosmetic damage which do not affect the performance of the unit"). Read more on Wikipedia: .
#### Customization
PrestaShop makes it possible for your customers to customize the product that they will buy.
Example: You are a jewelry retailer and your customers have the possibility to engrave their jewelry with a text or an image. Your customers can submit the text and/or the image when they place their order.
The advantage of this function is that it offers your customers personal service, which they will without a doubt appreciate!
Let's look at how to configure this function. Click on "Add a customization field" to indicate what type of context (file and/or text) can be personalized. You can put as many fields as you allow your customers to upload and choose language.
For each customization field, you need to give three pieces of information:
* **Label**. Fill it with the appropriate public label: this will be an indicator for the customer, so be very specific about what you expect.
* **Language.** Choose the language of label.
* **Type**. Indicate whether you want the customer to type in some text, or to provide a file.
Example 1: the customer can personalize a book cover, by providing 3 images. Taking only Label and Type into account, you can have 3 customization fields :
| Label | Type |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| Front cover (20.95 x 27.31 cm, color) | Image |
| Back cover (20.95 x 27.31 cm, black and white) | Image |
| Spine (20.95 x 1.716 cm, color) | Image |
Example 2: if customers can engrave words to a product, you could use the following:
| Label | Type |
| ------------------------------- | ---- |
| First line (24 chars) | Text |
| Second line (24 chars) | Text |
| Last line, signature (16 chars) | Text |
Once all the label fields have been filled, do not forget to save your changes.
**On the customer's side**
Once a product has customizable properties set, its front-end product page has a new block, below the description: "Product customization".
The customer must choose the file(s) and/or add some text and save them before they add the product in the cart.
The custom image(s) and text(s) will appear in the final cart.
The rest of the purchase process is the same as usual.
**On the merchant's side**
Once the order has been validated by the customer, the merchant gets a notification of the order in the back office.
He can then check on the order, which will indicate the image(s) and the text(s) in the list of products, for each product. The merchant then simply has to download the image(s) (simply by clicking on the image in the order) or copy/paste the text and use that in its customization tool.
The rest of the order and delivery process is the same as usual.
#### Stock, Combinations, Virtual Products and Packs
To find out about Stock, read the dedicated section in this chapter, right below. You will often sell the same product under different versions: they share the same overall name, but they might differ by color, capacity, screen size, and other attributes. Most of the time, these attributes come together: you could have the red version of the product available with either 1 Gb capacity or 2 Gb, or with a 12'' screen or 15'' screen. This is why PrestaShop calls these versions "combinations": your stock of products can be made of several variations of a single product, which in effect are simply its attributes combined in specific ways.
Attributes creation is done in the "Attributes & Features" page from the "Catalog" menu and is explained in detail in this [dedicated chapter of the documentation](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-product-attributes.md).
To find out about Combinations, read the dedicated section at the end of this chapter.
For Virtual Products, read the dedicated section in this chapter.
For Packs, read the dedicated section in this chapter.
## Stocks
The stock is managed in a single tab. PrestaShop will use this to determine when a product is soon out-of-stock or unavailable anymore.
#### Standard Product
For a standard product you only have five fields:
* **Edit quantity.** Define how many products are for sale.
* **Minimum quantity for sale.** You might prefer this product to be sold in bulk. Use this field to set the number of items to be sold in bulk. It means customers will be able to purchase this product only when they reach this minimum quantity.
* **Stock location.** We know it is always useful to be able to know where to find a product. So be this field.
* **Stock alerts.** You also can set a rule for low-stock products in this section. Indicate a threshold and check the box "Receive a low stock alert by email" to have an email sent to all the users who can run the stock page - permissions can be modified in [Advanced Parameters > Team](http://doc.prestashop.com/display/PS17/Team).
* **Out of Stock.** What happens when the product is out of stock.
#### Edit quantity
A new stock system has been implemented in PrestaShop 9. To manage your stocks, simply **add a positive number** or **subtract a negative number** in the stocks quantity field to update your stocks:
{% hint style="success" %}
Clients sometimes buy products while you're updating your stocks. An incorrect stock calculation will now be avoided as you can only update your stocks by adding or subtracting products. This way, you can ensure correct and reliable stock management in your store.
{% endhint %}
#### Recent stock movements
To have a better look at your stock, a preview of the last 5 stock movements is displayed under the **"Recent stock movements"** part.
These stock movements also include order stock movements (the sales and product returns in between 2 stock movements).
Stock movement of customer orders is regrouped to have a better summary of your stocks.
#### Product with Combinations
The way it works is quite easy: the "combinations" tab presents you with a table of all the combinations for the current product (if there are no combinations, the table simply has a single row). It is up to you to set the initial stock for all the combinations.
For more information on product combinations, [read the dedicated section at the end of the page](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-products.md). Packs and virtual products have different stock settings, you will find all you need at the end of this chapter.
#### **Availability preferences**
**Out-of-stock behavior**
The behavior "When out of stock" option enables you to set PrestaShop behavior when the product is out of stock:
* Deny orders (the product is not available for sale anymore).
* Allow order (in essence, you are doing pre-sales).
* Use default behavior (Deny orders). This third and default option simply uses the global default setting ("Shop Parameters" menu, "Product Settings" page, "Products Stock" section, "Allow ordering of out-of-stock products" option).
**Labels**
* **Label when in-stock**. Enables you to display a message to your visitors when your product is in stock, for example, "Item available". It reassures them that your shop can immediately send them the product.
* **Label when out of stock**. Enables you to display a message to your visitors when your product is out of stock but they can still order it (as set using the "**When out of stock**" selector), for example, "Pre-order now!". It reassures them that your shop will send them the product immediately once it is in stock.
* **Availability date**. Indicate when the product will be back in stock.
You can also configure the general settings applied to all of your products: the default option is to deny orders, but this can be modified under the "Product Settings" in the "Shop Parameters" section ("Allow ordering of out-of-stock products" option).
### **Shipping**
The "Shipping" tab enables you to give some precious details about your product's package. It isn't available in the case of a virtual product.
* **Package dimension (width, height, depth & weight)**. You should strive to fill each field because knowing the exact size and weight of a package is not only useful to you, but PrestaShop can also direct specific sizes/weights to specific carriers automatically, based on these settings. The order's final price will appear to the customer once PrestaShop (or the customer) has selected a carrier.
These values use the default weight, volume, distance, and dimension units, as set in the "Localization" page of the "Localization" menu.
These values do not have to be integers. If your products weigh less than 1 lb, you can simply use a period (.) to indicate the fractions:
* 123 lbs
* 1.23 lbs
* 0.23 lbs (equals 3.68 oz)
* etc.
* **Delivery time.** Select the delivery time option for this product: None, Default delivery time (N/A - N/A if not configured), or Specific delivery time for this product. When selected, this last option allows for two fields to let you define custom messages: *Delivery time of in-stock products* and *Delivery time of out-of-stock products with allowed orders*.
* **Shipping fees (Additional shipping fees)**. This can prove very useful to you for specific products that are particularly tricky to package, or really heavy.
* **Available carriers**. You can choose to have the current product only be shipped by a selection of carriers. If no carrier is selected then all the carriers will be available for customer orders.
### **Pricing**
The pricing tab makes it possible to refine your pricing strategy, either by using alternative prices (price per unit) or by creating some price rules specific to the product.
#### **Retail price: summary**
The price of your product before taxes.
* **Retail price – tax excluded**. This is where you can set an arbitrary price, independent of calculations and regular prices. Keep this field at "0" to use the default price.
* **Tax rule**. The applicable tax to the product. Choose between the different rates that you have registered. A link will redirect you to the Tax rule pages if you wish to make some changes. [Read more about tax rules in this section](http://doc.prestashop.com/display/PS17/Tax+Rules).
* **Retail price – tax included.** Displays the price of the product with taxes included. You can edit the value, and it will automatically update the "Tax excluded retail price" field according to the tax rule that you chose.
* **Cost price.** To indicate how much your product costs, to calculate the margin in the same page.
* **Retail price per unit (tax excl. and tax incl.)**. The unit price for the product at the time of the addition. This is for valuation purposes. Indicate also the unit (kilo, litre...)
* Summary. Gives the information for your product's pricing.
* **Display the "On sale!" flag on the product page and in the text found within the product listing.** Check that box to show that your product is on sale, both on the product page and in the text on the product listing. An "On sale" icon will appear under the product. You can modify this logo by changing the following file: `themes/default/img/onsale_en.gif`
* **Final retail price**. This price, including the discount taken, will update as you type.
You can fill out the "Price - tax excluded" field and choose the tax rate to apply, and the field will automatically calculate the retail price with taxes. The opposite operation is also available.
### Retail price: more in detail
The Pricing tab features a simple tax calculator, allowing you to quickly and clearly calculate your tax-included retail price.
To add a new tax rule to your retail price:
* Enter your **initial retail price (without tax)**,
* Then choose the **tax rule you wish to apply** from the list.
The product's retail price (tax included) will automatically be calculated for your product.
{% hint style="info" %}
**I can't find a specific tax rule in the list.**
You can add tax rules for specific countries by clicking on "**Manage tax rules"** to manually add a tax rule.
You can also [import a new localization pack](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/improving-shop/going-international/localization/localization-settings.md#localizationsettings-importalocalizationpack)'s taxes from the [Localization](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/improving-shop/going-international/localization.md) page:
{% endhint %}
#### Price and tax calculator
Define how much you want to sell this product.
* **Retail price – tax excluded**. This is where you should set your price. It is independent of calculations, tax, and other prices.
* **Tax rule**. The tax is applicable to the product. Choose between the different rates that you have registered. When changing the tax rule, the tax included price will change accordingly.
* **Retail price – tax included.** Displays the price of the product with taxes included. You can edit the value, and it will automatically update the "Tax excluded" field according to the tax rule that you chose.
More pricing options are available on the "Pricing" tab. Tax rules can be managed in the "International" menu, "Taxes" page.
### Displaying retail price per unit
Knowing your unit retail price is useful when selling items that need to be sold per kilo or liter or any other unit.
For example, if you sell candies per kilo in your store, you can specify the **price per kilo** and it will be displayed in your summary, under the included and excluded tax price.
Toggle the **"Display retail price per unit"** feature to display the retail price per unit on the summary.
#### **Cost price**
Enter the price you paid for the product (how much it cost you to acquire or manufacture the product), it will allow you to compare it to your selling price in order to easily calculate your profit.
The cost price should be lower than your retail price.
### Summary
A summary of your product's cost is displayed so you can check your product's cost and price in detail at a glance.
As a reminder, the margin is calculated like so:
#### Specific prices: Managing Discounts
You can change the total price of the product depending on the number of products your customer buys, the user group, the country, etc. This is done with the "Specific prices" section of the "Pricing" tab. Click on the "Add a specific price" button to reveal the creation form:
This is a very easy way to create a discount price for this product (and all its combinations).
* **Apply to**. This enables you to be very specific about the various groups to which this price applies, including currencies, countries, and even your customer groups (which we'll discuss in a later chapter).
* **Customer**. You can choose to be even more specific and directly set at who the discount you are creating is targeted. Start typing the first letters of the client's first name or last name, and select the ones you want.
* **Minimum number of units purchased**. Contains the value from which the discount should be applied. The default is "1", which means any quantity.
* **Duration**. Here you can define a range of dates between which the discount price is active. Clicking each selector will open a calendar, simplifying the process.
* **Apply a discount to the initial price**. Use the selector to set the type of discount (either a specific amount in the default currency or a percentage of the default price). On the product sheet, the initial price will appear as crossed out next to the discounted price.
* **Retail price (tax excl.)**. This is where you can set an arbitrary price, independent of calculations and regular prices. This will override the retail price. To enable this field, you must click "Set specific price" first.
Once you have chosen your values, click on "Save and publish": the summary of your discount settings appears below. The discount will be immediately visible on the store.\
If you wish to delete a value, click on the trashcan icon in the table.
If you want to build more complex discounts, go read about the "Discounts" menu in the ["Managing Discounts" chapter of this guide](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-discounts.md).
#### **Priority management**
A customer might fit into multiple prices or discount rules, even when you have set detailed prices and quantity discounts, with custom groups and shops (if in a multistore context). PrestaShop, therefore, uses a set of priorities in order to apply a single price rule to such customers. You might want the user group to be more important than the currency, for instance.
You can change PrestaShop default settings using the "Priority Management" section.
The default order of importance is:
1. Group.
2. Currency.
3. Country.
4. Store (when in a multistore context).
The "Set a specific order for this product" section enables you to update the settings.
### **SEO**
To improve your product listing as well as increase your store's visibility we suggest that you carefully fill out the various SEO fields: meta titles, meta descriptions, keywords, and friendly URLs.
"SEO" itself stands for "Search Engine Optimization. Read more on Wikipedia:
To access the product's SEO information, go to the "SEO" tab.
#### Search Engine Optimization
The fields on this page enable you to directly optimize your catalog's visibility on search engines.
* **Preview**. This is a real-time preview of your search engine result to help you see how your page would be displayed.
* **Meta title**. This is the most important field, as the title will appear on all search engines. Be very factual: you must convince the search engine user to click your link, not one from another site. Make sure the title is unique to this product within your site.
* Good example: "Levi's 501® Original Jeans - Tidal Blue - Original Fit".
* Bad example: "Item #02769869B bestseller".
* **Meta description**. A presentation of the product in just a couple of lines (ideally, less than 155 characters), intended to capture a customer's interest. This will appear in results for some search engines, depending on the search request: some search engines might choose to display the searched keywords directly in the context of the page content. Make sure the description is unique to this product within your site.
* **Friendly URL**. This is another extremely important field. It enables you to rewrite the web addresses of your products as you wish. For example, instead of having an address such as\
\
you can have:\
.\
All you need to do is indicate in the "Friendly URL" field the words that you wish to see appear instead of the default name, separated by dashes.\
The "**Generate URL from name**" button makes it easy to produce a proper friendly URL based on the product name. Once generated, you can edit the URL produced if necessary.
Friendly URLs will only work if URL rewriting is enabled. You can do this in "SEO & URLs" preference page (in the "Traffic & SEO" menu in "Shop Parameters"), in its "Set up URLs" section.
You will find more information on the "SEO & URLs" preference page in the ["Traffic" chapter of this guide](https://docs.prestashop-project.org/v.9-documentation/user-guide/configuring-shop/shop-parameters/traffic).
#### Redirection page
When your product is offline, its product page will no longer be available in your shop. You have to decide what you want to show to your visitors instead:
* **No redirection (404).** This will display a "404 error - Not found" page.
* **Permanent redirection (301).** This will permanently redirect the visitor to another product or category page. The current URL of your product page will no longer be indexed by search engines: it will be replaced by the URL of the product or category page of your choice. Choose which page you would like to display instead. Remember, this is permanent, so make sure you don't need this URL anymore before activating the 301 redirection!
* **Temporary redirection (302).** This is a temporary redirection to another product or category page. Choose which product or category page you would like to display instead. Search engines will still index the page URL, so you can reuse it later easily, should you reactivate the product, for example.
If you want to display a category page, you have to select what category you want to redirect to.
#### Tags
Tags are terms and keywords that will help your customers easily find what they are looking for. When they use the search bar to browse your catalog, they will type some specific keywords. Choose the most relevant keywords to your product, to make sure the product shows in results when a visitor searches for it.
To add several tags, simply separate them by a comma. For example: "dinner plate, dinnerware, stoneware" for a dinner plate.
All the tags can be seen on the "Search" page, under the "Shop Parameters" menu. You will find more information on tag management in this [dedicated chapter](http://doc.prestashop.com/display/PS17/Tags).
Product tags are not the same as page keywords: they have no direct impact on search engine placement.
### **Options**
The "Options" tab provides additional settings to manage suppliers and visibility.
#### **Visibility**
You can choose to have the product available through different channels:
* **Everywhere**. Customers can get to the product by browsing the catalog, searching for the product's name, or directly using its URL.
* **Catalog only**. Customers can get to the product by browsing the catalog or directly using its URL.
* **Search only**. Customers can get to the product by searching for its name or directly using its URL.
* **Nowhere**. Customers can only get to the product using its URL. They won't find it by browsing through the catalog or by searching for its name. This is great for creating private products, that only a few trusted visitors can access, even temporarily (you can change this setting at any time).
**Options**. A couple of specific options.
* **Available for order**. If you uncheck this box, customers will not be able to add this product to their cart. This makes it more like a single-product Catalog mode (in comparison with the "Catalog mode" preference).
* **Show price**. If the "available for order" option above is unchecked, you can either choose to display the product's price nevertheless (even though visitors won't be able to buy it), or choose to not display it.
* **Web-only (not sold in your retail store)**. If your business does have brick-and-mortar stores, this option will prove invaluable when a product is only sold online, not in-store – this prevents customers from checking a product's price online, then coming to your store hoping to buy it directly, and thus avoiding shipping costs.
#### **Suppliers**
Indicating the product's supplier is not really important to your customers (very much less so than its brand in any case), but it may turn out to be an essential part of your own internal management, not the least when managing your stock: you simply need to know who you bought the product from. The supplier of the current product is to be set from the "Suppliers" section of the "Options" tab.
You cannot use this feature if you do not already have at least one supplier registered in your shop. Suppliers are created from the "Brands & Suppliers" page, under the "Catalog" menu.
The complete supplier registration process is explained in details in a [dedicated chapter of this guide](/v.9-documentation/user-guide/selling/managing-catalog/managing-suppliers.md).
Associating the current product with one or more suppliers is really easy: simply check the box corresponding to the supplier, and save your changes.
**Supplier reference(s)**
The supplier's section also features a table that enables you to set the precise reference and unit price/currency for each product combination, per supplier. If the product has more than one supplier, the table will display each supplier one after the other.
There are many more product-related options in the "Product settings" page from the "Shop parameters" menu:
* Number of days for which the product is considered 'new'.
* Activate new products by default.
* etc.
You should really check that these global settings are set as you wish.
## Creating a product with combinations
To enable product combinations, you must first choose the "Product with combinations" option from the **"Add new product" button** from the **Catalog > Products** page. You will have a "Combinations" tab, and this is where you will be able to manage your product combinations.
Combinations cannot be created for packs of products or virtual products: it is only available for standard products.
You cannot create combinations if you do not already have product attributes properly set in PrestaShop.\
Also, you should not create combinations for features that your customers should not be able to choose from.
Attributes creation is done in the "Attributes & Features" page from the "Catalog" menu and is explained in detail in the chapter of the same name of this guide.
How your product attributes are combined into combinations is up to you, and PrestaShop gives you two methods to achieve this.
### Adding combinations: how to get started
This method helps you create combinations one after the other. Therefore, it is to be reserved for either products with few combinations, or products with very specific combinations that can't be created reliably using the automatic method (see next section).
Adding a new variation to your product takes just a few steps.
1. In the combination bar, enter the combination of attributes you need to create, with their corresponding values.
For example, if you need to create a combination for a t-shirt, size M and color red, you should enter "size m color red". As you type in, you will see suggestions appearing below the bar, simply select the attributes and values you need.
You can add as many attribute-value pairs as necessary to one combination.\
You can only add one pair per attribute to one combination: it is impossible to have both "Color: Blue" and "Color: Red" in your pairs; if this is necessary, you will have to create new attributes, for instance, "Primary color" and "Secondary color".
You can delete an attribute-value pair by clicking on the cross in its grey box.
2\. When you have all the needed attributes, click on "Generate combination" on the right.
3\. The combination will appear in a dedicated table.
## Creating a product with combinations: more in detail
In PrestaShop 9, the combination page has been reworked. A combination generation modal now appears when clicking on the "**Combinations" > "Manage product combinations"** tab.
To select single values, **click on an attribute** to expand it and **select the values** you want to add to your product.
To select all combinations for each attribute, **click on the checkbox** on the left of your chosen attribute(s):
{% hint style="info" %}
You can also manually search for an attribute using the **"Search for attributes..."** field to find specific attributes.
This feature can be useful if your catalog has a lot of different attributes.
{% endhint %}
## Generating combinations
If you select every value for the "Size" and "Color" attributes, you can generate up to 56 combinations in your catalog. Once you have selected your attributes, click on **"Generate X combinations"** to generate combinations.
When using **multistore mode**, you can generate attributes for all stores by checking the dedicated **"Generate combinations for all stores"** option, next to the "Cancel" button:
### Managing combinations
#### Default combination
When you have several combinations available, you should choose which combinations will be the default combination. It will be the combination your customers see when they arrive on the product sheet. If they want to purchase another combination, they will have to select it themselves (by either changing the color, size, or any attribute you may have).
#### Editing a combination
Each combination can be further managed by clicking on the edit icon. It will open a small window when you can change the details for this specific combination.
* Combination details
* **Default combination**. Check this box if you want the combination you are creating to actually be the main one for this product.
* **Quantity**. Enter the quantity available for sale for this combination
* **Availability date**. If the combination is out of stock, you can indicate when it will be available again.
* **Minimum quantity for sale**. You might prefer this combination to only be sold in bulk. Use this field to set the number of items to be sold in bulk. It means customers will be able to purchase this product only when they reach this minimum quantity for this combination.
* **Reference and Specific references (ISBN, EAN, UPC...)**. If necessary, indicate the combination's reference, ISBN, EAN, and/or UPC numbers in each field, as if you were creating a brand new product in PrestaShop. These numbers may be used by your warehouse or your carrier, so make sure to fill these fields, they are often essential to your business.
* Price and impact
* **Cost price**. This field is useful if the original price of the product changes simply because this is a combination.
* **Impact on price/price per unit/weight**. If the combination is supposed to have an impact on the product's original price/weight/unit price, fill in the field that appears with the value of that impact (e.g. "-2" if the price should be decreased by 2).
* **Image**. The images that are linked to the original product (as uploaded using the form in the "Images" tab on the left) are displayed. Check the box for the images that best represent this combination.
Once you finished editing a combination, you can either:
* go to the previous or next combination to edit it as well, by clicking on "previous combination" or "next combination"
* go back to the product by clicking on "Save" at the end of the page
* close the combination window
## Managing combinations
### Using combination filters
PrestaShop 9 introduces combinations filters on the **"Combinations" > "Manage product combinations"** page, allowing you to quickly manage combinations in your store:
## Pagination
{% hint style="info" %}
The product page includes a pagination feature. It allows you to easily browse through your store's products and display up to 100 items per page.
{% endhint %}
With the implementation of the pagination feature in PrestaShop 9, page loading time has been greatly reduced. This means you can have as many combinations as you want and you don't have to worry about your back office's performance.
## Bulk actions
{% hint style="info" %}
You can use bulk actions to remove or edit quickly some or all product combinations at once.
{% endhint %}
To select multiple elements at once, you can use filters and select the attributes you wish to edit or remove. You can also use the checkmark list on the left side of the product table to manually select your chosen items.
### Editing attributes in bulk
To edit a field in bulk, **select the combinations you wish to edit** and click on the **"Bulk actions"** button:
Then, click on the dropdown list for each category (for example, "Retail price") and select the element you wish to edit.
You can then enable the field using the slider button (enable/disable) and **type in your desired value.**
{% hint style="info" %}
By default, the set value for **every field is 0.**
To reset a field, you can **toggle it** and manually set its **value back to 0.**
{% endhint %}
This way, changes will only be applied to **your selected combinations.**
### Removing attributes in bulk
You can remove attributes in bulk by selecting multiple elements at once through filters or checkmarks, then click on **"Bulk actions" > "Delete X combinations"**
A window is displayed asking you to **confirm your choice.**
## Creating a virtual product
Your shop may feature (partly or exclusively) virtual products – that is, products that are not shipped, but rather downloaded: entertainment tickets, e-books/PDF files, real-life services...\
PrestaShop makes it easy for you to create a virtual product.
The process to do this is similar to the one for creating a simple product:
* Go to the "Products" page, under the "Catalog" menu.
* Click the "Add new product" button.
* Next, click on "Virtual product".
The page organization will change:
* The "Stock" tab becomes "Virtual product".
* The "Shipping" tab disappears.
The "Virtual product" tab offers the possibility to attache a file (i.e., if your customer will pay to download something).
* If not, leave it at that: you are selling a service, and nothing needs to be downloaded.
* If yes, click the "Yes" option under "Add downloadable file".
When you click "Yes", PrestaShop opens a new form within the tab, from which you can upload the file you intend to sell:
* **File**. Click the "Browse" button to find the file on your hard drive. As soon as you have selected a file, the upload begins.
The maximum file-upload size setting depends on your server's settings, and cannot be increased from PrestaShop.
If you have access to your server's `php.ini` file, these are the values you should change:
* `upload_max_filesize = 20M`
* `post_max_size = 20M`
If you do not have access to the `php.ini` file, contact your web host about this.
* **Filename**. The name of the file. This field is automatically filled after the file has been uploaded. It is not recommended to change it to another value.
You should compress your file in zip format, in order to avoid the browser misinterpreting `.exe` or `.jpg` file formats. Browsers automatically download zip files for the customer, no question asked.
If you are selling a high resolution image, uploading it using this form does not prevent you from uploading its thumbnail in the "Images" tab on the left.
* **Number of allowed downloads**. You can set the number of time the file can be downloaded once the customer has bought it. You might prefer to limit this to 1, or 5. If you want to keep it unlimited, set the text field to 0.
* **Expiration date**. Virtual files can be of promotional nature, or lose their selling value after a certain date. If so, you can set the expiry date after which the product will not be available on your shop anymore. Leave it blank if there is no expiry date.
* **Number of days**. You can set the number of days after which the download link becomes non-functioning. If there is no limit, set the text field to 0.
Once you are done with the "Virtual product" tab, you can edit all the other available tabs as if you would for a regular product.
## Creating a pack of products
You may wish to sell a pack of products made of several items. I.e.: a computer start-up pack composed of the computer itself, a monitor, and a printer. PrestaShop makes it easy for you to create a "pack" product and add other products from your catalog to this pack.
Packs enable you to simplify preparing orders. They also allow customers to take advantage of special prices and offers.
You cannot currently add combinations or virtual products to a pack.\
If you need to have packs with combinations, you will have to create single products for each combination. This is a known limitation that will be fixed in a coming version of PrestaShop.
You cannot add an existing pack within a new pack, or import the content of an existing pack into a new pack.
The process to create a pack is similar to the one for creating a regular product:
1. Go to the "Products" page, under the "Catalog" menu.
2. Click the "Pack of products" button.
Compared to other products, there are two main differences in the "Pack" tab:
* Under "Pack of products" you can choose which products are part of the pack
* In "Pack stock behavior" you can select how stocks should be handled.
### Adding products to your pack
* The first field is used to search for products that are already registered in your shop.
* The second field is used to indicate the quantity of chosen product should be added to the pack.
* Once you are finished creating your pack, click "Save".
You can add as many products as you would like to the pack.
You can remove a product from the pack simply by clicking the trashcan icon when you hover on it.
### Managing pack quantities
When you are creating a pack of products, PrestaShop needs to know how to handle the stock. In the "Pack" tab, under "Pack stock behavior", you must choose one of the following options:
* **Use pack quantity** (default behavior). When a pack is sold, only the stock for the pack will be impacted.
* **Use quantity of products in the pack**. When a pack is sold, only the stock for each product will be impacted.
* **Use both, whatever is lower**. When a pack is sold, both the stock for the pack and the stock for each product will be impacted, whichever is lower.
* **Default**. This is the default behavior as set at the shop level in your Product Settings. By default you will have "Use pack quantity" but it will change according to your choice.
Once you are done with the "Pack" tab, you can edit the content of all the other available tabs as if you would for a regular product.
---
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